What every woman needs to know about Hypothyroidism?

Having trouble sleeping, feeling cold or tired, irregular menses, gained a few kilos? These complaints could be the symptoms of many other conditions, including hypothyroidism. In a recent research, it was discovered that 1 in 8 women will develop thyroid disorder during their lifetime. And, in comparison to men, women are 5-10 times more likely to suffer from thyroid disorders

“While hypothyroidism is extremely common, it often remains undiagnosed because it is difficult to pinpoint the problem. Hence, it becomes important for every woman to be aware about the symptoms of hypothyroidism. An early diagnosis could make a huge difference in improving her quality of life. " - Dr. Nilakshi Deka

Here is what every woman needs to know about hypothyroidism:

What is hypothyroidism?

It is a disease of thyroid gland (a butterfly-shaped organ in the front side of neck). In hypothyroidism, the thyroid gland is underactive (hypo means under or below normal ) and does not produce enough thyroid hormone that is required to keep the body functioning normally.

What is subclinical hypothyroidism?

Subclinical hypothyroidism does not manifest itself in the form of visible symptoms, as in the case of hypothyroidism. In such cases, a person may not even know about their condition. 2

Women & Hypothyroidism
While hypothyroidism can affect women of all ages, women of reproductive age are at greater risk Certain other factors such as having experienced thyroid problem in the past (goiter) or a family history of thyroid diseases, could increase your risk of developing thyroid disorders. In such cases, regular screening is always advisable5.

It's impact on a woman

Several studies indicating that thyroid disorders could negatively affect not only a woman's reproductive life but could cause other health problems as well6,7,8,9,3,4. Hypothyroidism could lead to 

• Delayed puberty (sexual maturity) or incomplete development of breast and private parts in girls

• In young females, it can cause irregularities in periods 

  • Experienced heavy bleeding 10

  • Women get periods often (within 21 days) 10

  • Prolonged bleeding 

  • Infrequent periods (missed periods)

  • No release of eggs (from ovaries) in some women 

• 33% of women with PCOS have thyroid problem, which itself can cause irregularities in periods, facial hair, etc. 

• ~ 3 out of 10 women with hypothyroidism have infertility issues12. 

• Few women also experience sexual disturbances due to hypothyroidism. 

• 13% of pregnant women were found to have hypothyroidism. 13 In pregnancy, an underactive thyroid can cause, miscarriage, premature birth and intrauterine death (Death of foetus in the womb). 

• 6 out of 10 patients were found to have depression16

PCOS, Polycystic ovarian syndrome

The indicators of hypothyroidism
as mentioned earlier, the symptoms of hypothyroidism are often confused with other conditions. However, these symptoms develop gradually over a period of several years. Common signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism are tiredness, weight gain, feeling sad or depressed, heavier and / or more frequent menstrual periods, painful cramps, infertility (difficulty in getting pregnant), sexual dysfunction, more hair fall, need for more sleep and more .3,4

Hence, medical associations and guidelines across the globe recommend testing of thyroid functions (levels of thyroid hormones) in1,4,17,18,19:

• All women considering treatment for infertility

• All pregnant women

• Women of age 35 years and every 5 years thereafter

The symptoms of hypothyroidism may be difficult to detect as they are neither constant nor specific. But a simple blood test can clear your doubts20,21. Consult your physician at the earliest, if you suspect a problem with your thyroid.

TSH, Thyroid stimulating hormone; FOGSI, The Federation of Obstetric and Gynaecological Societies of India

This article has been produced on behalf of Abbott India’s Making India Thyroid Aware initiative. The views and opinions expressed by the Doctors are their independent professional judgment and is only for the purpose of awareness. This information is not meant to be a replacement for a doctor consultation, nor is it a medical recommendation or prescription of treatment. Please consult your doctor for more information. Abbott India Limited shall not be liable in any manner whatsoever for any action on the basis of the information provided herein and does not hold itself liable for any consequences, legal or otherwise, arising out of information provided herein.